PLANET EARTH

Pressure, Temperature, and Density Variations in the Earth

PLANET EARTH /

The Earth’s internal structure is defined by systematic variations in pressure, temperature, and density. These parameters not only describe the physical conditions at different depths but also control processes such as mantle convection, volcanism, plate tectonics, and the geodynamo. A key concept in understanding Earth’s thermal structure is the geothermal gradient, which explains how temperature […]

Pressure, Temperature, and Density Variations in the Earth Read More »

Age of the Earth

PLANET EARTH /

The Earth is about 4.54 billion years old, formed soon after the birth of the Solar System. This age is calculated primarily by radiometric dating of meteorites, Moon rocks, and the oldest terrestrial minerals (zircons). To understand Earth’s history in detail, geologists divide this immense span of time into hierarchical units: Eons → Eras →

Age of the Earth Read More »

Composition of Earth

PLANET EARTH /

The Earth is a heterogeneous body where chemical elements are unevenly distributed across its major reservoirs: crust, mantle, core, hydrosphere (oceans), and atmosphere. Crust (Continental + Oceanic) The Earth’s crust is dominated by silicate minerals. Elements occur mostly in oxides, silicates, carbonates, and sulfates. Major elements (by weight %): Mantle Dominated by ultramafic rocks (peridotite)

Composition of Earth Read More »

Scroll to Top