The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent and recurrent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability. It dictates climate variability from the eastern seaboard of the United States to Siberia and from the Arctic to the subtropical Atlantic, especially during boreal winter, so variations in the NAO are important to society and for […]
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The name ‘ENSO’ is the close interaction between the atmosphere and ocean. It is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea-surface temperatures over the tropical eastern pacific ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El-Nino and the cooling phase is
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Marine isotope stages (MIS), marine oxygen-isotope stages, or oxygen isotope stages (OIS) are alternating warm and cool periods in the Earth’s paleoclimate, deducted from oxygen isotope data derived from deep sea core samples. Working backwards from the present, MIS 1 in the scale, stages with even numbers have high levels of O18 and represents cold
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Dry-line is a boundary that separates a moist air mass from a dry air mass. Also called a “Dew point front” because shape changes in dew point temperature can be observed across a dry line. Drylines are most commonly found just east of the Rocky Mountains, separating a warm, moist air mass to the east
The oceans transport vast amounts of water, heat and salt across entire ocean basins and from low to high latitudes. As the ocean basins the gateways between them evolve over tectonic timescale, so does the circulation. These tectonic induced changes in ocean circulation plays an important role in some of the major climatic events. These
Polar Stratospheric Clouds are clouds in the winter polar stratosphere at latitudes of 15,000-25,000 m. The stratosphere is very dry, it rarely allows to form clouds. These high altitude clouds form only at very low temperatures helps destroy ozone in two ways : By providing surface to reactive chlorine, and removing nitrogen that moderates chlorine
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Wind is the movement of air, caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun and the Earth’s own rotation. Winds range from light breezes to natural hazards such as hurricanes and tornadoes. Generally on the basis of scale wind is classified into 5 types – Molecular and eddy viscosity :- When a fluid
Wind at different scales Read More »
Rainfall is the amount of precipitation, in the form of rain (water from clouds), that descends onto the surface of Earth, whether it is on land or water. Based on the source of uplifting of air, there are three main types of rainfall – Convectional Rainfall :- Frontal Rainfall :- This type of precipitation is associated
An unusual warming event known as Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) has been observed over Antarctica and Arctic which is also found to be linked with an ozone hole shrinking over the pole. SSW refers to this warming in the stratosphere, a rapid warming (up to about 50-°C in just a couple of days), between 10
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