Richardson number that is also called the mixing efficiency of stratified turbulence. It is important in determining the flows like ocean circulation, air-sea transport or air turbulence. A lower value indicates a higher degree of turbulence. Flux Richardson Number In a static stable environment, turbulent vertical motions are acting against the restoring force of gravity. […]
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When you think of the word “stable,” you typically think of an object that is unlikely to change or something that is balanced. The opposite is true with something that is “unstable”. An unstable object is likely to fall or change position with time. The same is true with clouds. When you see a fluffy
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At a coarse level of time resolution, episodes of speleothem growth record relatively wet periods in semi-arid climates or relatively warm periods in cool temperate climates.
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Quaternary time period is from 1.8 Ma to today, during this time period a lot of climate fluctuations happened which are discussed below :-
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Water requires a non gaseous surface to make a transition from a vapor to a liquid. Cloud Condensation Nuclei or CCN (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles about which cloud droplets coalesce. When no CCN is present, water vapor can be supercooled below 00C before droplets spontaneously form. In the above freezing temperatures
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Lightening is a giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere between clouds, air or ground. When water vapor condenses into small ice crystals when it moves upwards in the cumulonimbus cloud. The ice crystals continues to grow till they gather enough mass to overcomes buoyance force this leads to a system where small ice crystals
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Thunderstorm is a rain with thunder and lightening. They are of short duration occurring over a small area. Thunder storms occurs in an area where temperature is high and a strong convective updraft is possible. they are less frequent on water bodies due to low temperature. Thunderstorms occurs in a cloud called Cumulonimbus and can
The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation is a regular variation of the winds that blow high above the equator. Strong winds in the stratosphere travel in a belt around the planet, and every 14 months or so, these winds completely change direction. This means a full cycle takes roughly 28 months, making it the most regular slow variation
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The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an equatorial travelling pattern of anomalous rainfall that is planetary in scale. The MJO can be defined as an eastward movement of clouds, rainfall, winds and pressure near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days. The MJO moves eastward at 5 meters per second across the
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The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent and recurrent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability. It dictates climate variability from the eastern seaboard of the United States to Siberia and from the Arctic to the subtropical Atlantic, especially during boreal winter, so variations in the NAO are important to society and for
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