GEO-ARTICLES

Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ): Largest manganese nodule region

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY ARTICLES, GEO-ARTICLES, OCEANOGRAPHY ARTICLES /

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is a vast abyssal plain in the central Pacific Ocean, covering approximately 6 million square kilometers (about the size of Europe). It is one of the richest sources of manganese nodules, containing high concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn)—all critical for modern technology and renewable energy. […]

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Rock-Eval Pyrolysis : A Technique in Petroleum Geology

1 Comment / GEO-ARTICLES, GEOCHEMISTRY ARTICLES, Petroleum/oil/gas/coal /

The Rock-Eval pyrolysis is a widely used geochemical technique in petroleum exploration and organic geochemistry. It provides valuable information on the quantity, type and thermal maturity of organic matter in sedimentary rocks, helping geologists asses hydrocarbon generation potential. Principles of Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Rock Eval pyrolysis involves heating a rock sample in an inert atmosphere and

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VPDB (Vienna – Peedee Belemnite) and Its Importance in Carbon Isotope Studies

GEO-ARTICLES, GEOCHEMISTRY ARTICLES /

Peedee Belemnite (PDB) is a well-known standard used in carbon and oxygen isotope studies. Originally derived from the fossilized remains of Belemnitella americana, a species of belemnite found in the Late Cretaceous peedee Formation in South Carolina, USA, PDB has played a crucial role in geochemistry, paleoclimatology and biogechemistry. Carbon Isotopes and PDB Carbon exists

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Gondwana S.G. (Damodar, Satpura, Mahanadi & Godavari basin)

GEO-ARTICLES, STRATIGRAPHY ARTICLES /

Gondwana Supergroup is made up of continental sediments that were deposited in fluvial and lacustrine basins in different parts of the Indian Peninsula. This deposition begins from Late-carboniferous/ Early Permian (300 Ma) and continued until the Early Cretaceous Epoch (100 Ma). Lower part of the Gondwana sequences contain rich coal deposits. Barakar formation is the

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Role of H2O and CO2 in Silicate melt

GEO-ARTICLES, GEOCHEMISTRY ARTICLES, IGNEOUS PETROLOGY ARTICLES /

H2O and CO2 are the two most important components of fluids in the upper mantle and crust, and their solubilities in silicate melts control many processes like generation, migration, saturation and crystallization, exsolution of bubbles, polymerization and combinedly the volcanic eruption. Water (H2O) The hydrogen of the H2O molecule reacts with a bridging oxygen of

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