All the above terms may looks similar but are different. Let’s deep dive into them . Oil Shale Oil shale is a type of sedimentary rock that is rich in kerogen. Kerogen is a part of rock that breaks down and release hydrocarbon heated. Oil shale can be thought of as a precursor to oil […]
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Peedee Belemnite (PDB) is a well-known standard used in carbon and oxygen isotope studies. Originally derived from the fossilized remains of Belemnitella americana, a species of belemnite found in the Late Cretaceous peedee Formation in South Carolina, USA, PDB has played a crucial role in geochemistry, paleoclimatology and biogechemistry. Carbon Isotopes and PDB Carbon exists
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Common minerals : Diopside, Hedenbergite, Augite etc. Classes of the System Unit forms of Normal class : Form No. of faces Miller Indices Basal pinacoid‘c’ pinacoid 2 001 ‘a’ pinacoidFront pinacoidOrtho pinacoid 2 100 ‘b’ pinacoidSide pinacoidClino pinacoid 2 010 Prism 4 110 Hemi macrodome 02 (2) 101 Clinodome 4 011 Hemi pyramid 4 (2)
Gondwana Supergroup is made up of continental sediments that were deposited in fluvial and lacustrine basins in different parts of the Indian Peninsula. This deposition begins from Late-carboniferous/ Early Permian (300 Ma) and continued until the Early Cretaceous Epoch (100 Ma). Lower part of the Gondwana sequences contain rich coal deposits. Barakar formation is the
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H2O and CO2 are the two most important components of fluids in the upper mantle and crust, and their solubilities in silicate melts control many processes like generation, migration, saturation and crystallization, exsolution of bubbles, polymerization and combinedly the volcanic eruption. Water (H2O) The hydrogen of the H2O molecule reacts with a bridging oxygen of
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On the basis of mineral replacement and intergrowths, four oxide series are recognized among the sandstones – Stages of diagenesis From the type of reaction and the principal sequence of occurence three stages of diagenesis are established as follows – Among sandstones, the progress of diagenesis may be arrested at either the locomorphic or phyllomorphic
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Rules of substitution Terminology related to partitioned between the solid & liquid phase Distribution coefficients and Geothermometers Distribution coefficient (D) = Cs/ Cl where, Cs = the concentration of a minor element in the crystal of a mineral Cl = the concentration of that element in the liquid from which the crystal formed under equilibrium
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Fick’s Law of Diffusion in Igneous Petrology Fick’s law describes the movement of elements and ions due to concentration gradients, crucial for understanding magmatic differentiation and element transport – Examples Activity-Composition relations in Igneous Petrology Roult’s Law (Ideal Solutions) Examples Henry’s Law (Dilute Solutions) Examples
Fick, Roult and Henry’s law in petrogenesis Read More »
Three major cycles of deposition have been found in the sedimentary records of the Mesozoic formations of the Spiti Basin. All other formation and beds are collectively known as Kibber Group. “The Kioto -Spiti Shale contact represents a hiatus from Late Callovian to Early Exfordian” The Spiti Shale demarkates the Jurassic age. The lowermost unit
Magnetostratigraphy is based on the polarity of the earth’s magnetic field as it is preserved in the sediments at the time when they were deposited. The magnetic minerals in the sediments orient themself in the direction of earth’s magnetic field and preserved. The earth’s magnetic poles have switched their position periodically in the geological past
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