Ocean is much more deeper than the elevation of the land area on the continent. As you can imagine that the highest point in the continent is around 8800m from the mean sea level while the deepest part of the ocean is 11000m deep from the mean sea level. This deep and thick water column […]
Layers of the ocean Read More »
An ocean gyre is a large system of circular ocean currents formed by global wind patterns and forces created by Earth’s rotation. Three forces cause the circulation of a gyre: global wind patterns, Earth’s rotation, and Earth’s landmasses. Wind drags on the ocean surface, causing water to move in the direction the wind is blowing. Earth’s rotation deflects, or changes the direction of, these
Circulation or Ocean Gyres Read More »
The Redfield ratio is the consistent atomic ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous found in marine phytoplankton and throughout the deep oceans (C:N:P = 106:16:1). When nutrients are not limiting, the molar elemental ratio C:N:P in most phytoplankton is 106:16:1 In the ocean, a large portion of the biomass is found to be nitrogen-rich plankton. Many of these plankton
This plot shows the average current velocities necessary for the erosion, transportation and deposition of the sediment particles of different sizes. The lower curve on the diagram, it shows that once eroded and moving a clay particle, but not a fine particles of sand can be transported by a week current. This is because the
HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Read More »
The slope of the sea floor greatly influences how quickly the sea floor affects the waves as the waves get closer to shore, and therefore how the waves break. A critical wave steepness occurs where the wavelength is 7 times the height of the wave and after that wave becomes unstable and breaks. There are
OCEAN WAVE BREAKERS Read More »
The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an equatorial travelling pattern of anomalous rainfall that is planetary in scale. The MJO can be defined as an eastward movement of clouds, rainfall, winds and pressure near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days. The MJO moves eastward at 5 meters per second across the
Madden Julian Oscillation Read More »
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent and recurrent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability. It dictates climate variability from the eastern seaboard of the United States to Siberia and from the Arctic to the subtropical Atlantic, especially during boreal winter, so variations in the NAO are important to society and for
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Read More »
The name ‘ENSO’ is the close interaction between the atmosphere and ocean. It is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea-surface temperatures over the tropical eastern pacific ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El-Nino and the cooling phase is
El-Nino – Southern Oscillation Read More »
Global overturning circulation is responsible for the transport of carbon and heat among the ocean basins and between the ocean and the atmosphere. The GOC can be conceptualized primarily into two connected overturning as follows – These two circulation cells are interconnected via upwelling in the southern ocean where deep water are mixed in the
Global Overturning Circulation (GOC) Read More »
Marine isotope stages (MIS), marine oxygen-isotope stages, or oxygen isotope stages (OIS) are alternating warm and cool periods in the Earth’s paleoclimate, deducted from oxygen isotope data derived from deep sea core samples. Working backwards from the present, MIS 1 in the scale, stages with even numbers have high levels of O18 and represents cold
MIS/OIS Marine Isotopic Stages Read More »
