H2O and CO2 are the two most important components of fluids in the upper mantle and crust, and their solubilities in silicate melts control many processes like generation, migration, saturation and crystallization, exsolution of bubbles, polymerization and combinedly the volcanic eruption. Water (H2O) The hydrogen of the H2O molecule reacts with a bridging oxygen of […]
Role of H2O and CO2 in Silicate melt Read More »
As the amount of available data has multiplied over the past ten years, the number of apparently distinct reservoirs has risen from two (primitive and depleted mantle, respectively) to five (PREMA, Depleted, HIMU = high U/Pb and Two types of EM or enriched mantle reservoirs). The depleted reservoir produces “normal” (N-type) MORB probably more than
Chemical weathering may be defined as the spontaneous and irreversible thermodynamic process that causes degradation of the mineral phases under the prevailing environmental conditions at the surface of the Earth. It is usually considered to be the solid/solution interactive process occurring in contact with the atmosphere. In other words chemical weathering may be defined as that set of processes
Chemical Weathering and its type Read More »
An X- ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer is an x ray instrument used for routine, relatively non-destructive chemical analysis of rocks, minerals, sediments and fluids. It works on wavelength-dispersive spectroscopic principles that are similar to an electron microprobe (EPMA). However, an XRF is used for bulk analysis of larger fractions of geological materials. The relative ease
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X- ray diffraction is a common technique that determine a sample’s composition or crystalline structure. For large crystals such it can be used to determine the structure of atoms within the sample. If crystal size is too small, it can determine composition, crystallinity, and phase purity. Bragg’s law reflection. The diffracted x-rays exhibit constructive interference
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Type of deposits Pathfinder element Gold- Silver vein type, Gold- Silver- Cobalt- Copper- Zinc and complex sulfide ores As W- Be- Zn- Mo- Cu- Pb- Skarns,Sn- Ba veins B Cu- Pb- Zn- Silver & Complex sulfide deposits Hg, Zn Ba- Ag vein deposit, Porphyry Cu Mn Wolframite- Tin contact metamorphic deposits Mo Porphyry Cu, Barium-
Pathfinder elements of ore deposits (Geochemistry) Read More »
